Kev xam phaj nrog Nicotine kws tshaj lij Dr Jacques Le Houezec Ntawm Eliquid: Cia, Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Ntau

Neurologist Dr Jacques Le Houezec yog tus kws qhia ntawv Honorary, UK Center for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, England, tus tsim tswv cuab ntawmLub Koom Haum rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Nicotine thiab Tobaccothiab manager ntawmkho mob.net. Koj tuaj yeem pom nws blogging ntawmLe Blog de Jacques Le Houzeq.

Eliquid thiab Addiction

JD: Ib qho ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws los tshwm sim tsis ntev los no yog cov lus qhia tias nicotine ntawm nws tus kheej yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev haus luam yeeb.

Thaum kuv paub tias peb yuav xav tau cov pov thawj ntxiv ntawm qhov no, koj puas xav tias nicotine ntawm nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev haus luam yeeb tsawg dua?

JLH: Raws li qee cov pov thawj los ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm e-cig cov neeg siv (Farsalinos et al., Dawkins et al.) zoo li vapers xav tias tsawg dua los ntawm e-cig dua li lawv tau siv los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb.

Nrog rau lub sijhawm, lawv nyiam siv qis qis ntawm nicotine concentration hauv e-kua uas lawv siv, thiab lawv suav lawv tus kheej li tsawg dua ntawm kev vam khom ntsuas. Qhov no tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no hauv nas, qhia tias tag nrho cov luam yeeb rho tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muab rho tawm los ntawm yob-koj- tus kheej luam yeeb (ntau tshaj li luam yeeb) zoo li ntau ntxiv hauv nas tus kheej- tswj nws dua li cov nicotine ntshiab.

JD: Puas muaj nicotine lub peev xwm los tsim kev quav yeeb tshuaj tau sim hauv kev sim tshuaj, thiab yog tias muaj txiaj ntsig dab tsi?

JLH: Tsis yog, qhov no yuav tsis ncaj ncees. Koj tsis tuaj yeem kuaj qhov no hauv cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb. Tsuas yog thaum kuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nicotine hauv qee yam mob. Nws tau raug sim hauv kev nyuaj siab lossis kab mob Parkinson, thiab nws tsis zoo li tsim kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv rau nicotine hauv cov ntsiab lus no. Tab sis cov kev tshawb fawb no tau tsawg heev ntawm cov neeg koom nrog, yog li nws tsis txaus los hu nws ua pov thawj.

JD: Yog tias muaj, lwm yam khoom xyaw hauv luam yeeb / yam ntawm kev haus luam yeeb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj?

JLH: Peb paub tias lwm yam tshuaj hauv cov pa luam yeeb (xws li MAOI uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab) tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke nrog nicotine, thiab ua rau muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj.

Kev phom sij ntawm kev siv Nicotine

JD: Koj tau hais yav dhau los tias nicotine tsis txaus ntshai li yav dhau los ntseeg. (SaibNws yuav siv npaum li cas equid los tua koj?)

Raws li peb tsis tuaj yeem kuaj cov tshuaj nicotine tuag rau cov neeg tiag tiag, peb yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tseeb txog kev kwv yees tshiab?

JLH: Vim tias cov kev suav no tau ua los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv kho mob los ntawm kev sib tsoo lossis kev yeem (kev sim tua tus kheej) nicotine ingestions lossis kev tswj hwm. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm txog kev noj 1500 mg ntawm nicotine uas tsis muaj teeb meem tuag taus. Yuav kom ceev faj, daim ntawv tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Bernt Mayer, tus kws kho mob hauv Austrian, tau hais tias qhov koob tshuaj tuag yog tsawg kawg yog 500 txog 1000 mg.

JD: Pom tseeb, tib neeg tsis xav kom muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm nicotine. Cov nicotine ntau npaum li cas (mg/kilo) tus neeg siv siab ntev yuav tsum tau siv ua ntej muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev?

JLH: Thaum kojnqus nicotine, nrog rau luam yeeb lossis e- luam yeeb, tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj ntau dhau.

Cov neeg haus luam yeeb thiab cov vapers paub meej qhov koob tshuaj uas lawv xav tau, thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm lawv qhov kev noj haus ntawm puff los ntawm puff. Thawj cov tsos mob ntawm kev noj ntau dhau yog xeev siab, txhua tus neeg haus luam yeeb, thiab txawm tias cov tub ntxhais hluas uas sim haus luam yeeb lossis vaping, yuav hnov ​​​​mob yog tias lawv noj cov nicotine ntau dhau, thiab lawv cia li nres!

JD: Peb tau hnov ​​​​cov neeg mob tom qab noj luam yeeb. Qhov no puas yog vim muaj nicotine hauv luam yeeb, lossis vim muaj lwm yam khoom xyaw??

JLH: Yog, feem ntau yog vim nicotine. Nicotine ua rau xeev siab, thiab ntuav cov chaw hauv lub paj hlwb.

JD: Tseem muaj kev nkag siab ntawm ntau tus neeg tias nicotine yog qhov ua rau muaj kab mob haus luam yeeb. Obviously, nicotine tsis zoo li nicotine nrog tar thiab cov carcinogens los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, tab sis nws muaj kev phom sij ntev npaum li cas, thiab nws phem npaum li cas thaum piv rau kev haus luam yeeb?

JLH: Nicotine nws tus kheej tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg siv rau nws nyiam haus luam yeeb. Lawv ua siab ntev rau nws cov teebmeem. Cov lus nug tsuas yog qhov ntev npaum li cas - qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev nqus cov nicotine ntshiab tuaj yeem ua rau. Peb tseem tsis tau muaj cov lus teb rau tib neeg, txawm tias qee tus vapers siv nws tau ntau xyoo tam sim no. Txog niaj hnub no peb tsis tau pom muaj qhov tsis zoo.

Tab sis peb muaj qee cov pov thawj los ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv nas, uas ua rau lawv tau nqus cov nicotine ntshiab rau 2 xyoos (sib npaug rau tib neeg lub neej rau nas). Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias tsis muaj kev phom sij rau txhua lub cev (tsis muaj carcinogenic effect, tsis muaj teebmeem pulmonary, tsis muaj teebmeem plawv). Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog sau tseg ntawm cov nas uas raug nicotine thiab tswj cov nas, yog cov nicotine raug nas hnyav dua li cov nas tswj. Qhov no kuj yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb raws li peb paub, lawv hnyav dua li lawv yuav hnyav li cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb.

JD: Tus tiv thaiv- tus kws tshaj lij kev haus luam yeeb Stanton Glatz tau sib cav tias qhov nqus pa tawm yog qhov txaus ntshai rau cov neeg siv tsis yog e- luam yeeb.

Peb puas tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov txaus ntshai ntawm nicotine raug los ntawm e-luam yeeb rau cov neeg siv tsis yog-?

JLH: Yog tias muaj, nws yuav tsawg heev. Tus nqi ntawm nicotine tso tawm hauv huab cua los ntawm vapers yog tsawg heev. Thiab tsis muaj leej twg, txawm tias tsis haus luam yeeb, tuaj yeem zam kev raug nicotine. Muaj nicotine hauv qee cov zaub los ntawm tib tsev neeg ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, nws yog cov txiv lws suav, qos yaj ywm, eggplants ...

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem.

Kev khaws cia Eliquid

JD: Dab tsi yog txoj hauv kev khaws cia zoo tshaj plaws rau e- kua (thiab nws puas ua tau kom khov nws?)

JLH: Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho nws kom deb ntawm lub teeb huab cua kom ntau li ntau tau, vim nws ua rau nicotine oxidise, hloov nws cov xim, tab sis tsis hloov nws cov khoom. Khaws nws hauv lub fridge los yog khov nws yog qhov zoo.

Nicotine yog qhov ruaj khov txawm tias khov (qhov no yog li cas nws tau ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam thaum ib tus neeg xav tshuaj nicotine hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov ntsiab lus piv txwv).

JD: Tus nqi lwj ntawm e-kua yog ceev npaum li cas, thiab ntev npaum li cas nws muaj kev nyab xeeb los khaws e- kua rau?

JLH: Rau e- kua kuv yuav txhawj xeeb txog qhov tsw. Lawv yeej degrade sai dua nicotine. Ntawm e- cov kua dej tam sim no nws tau hais tias lawv tuaj yeem siv tau rau ib xyoos.

Tab sis yog tias khov, lawv yeej tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev dua. Kuv ntseeg siab tias kev tshawb fawb yog los yog yuav ua sai sai los teb cov lus nug no.

JD: Laus e- kua tuaj yeem tau txais cov kua txob. Nws puas tseem siv tau?

JLH: Qhov no tej zaum yog vim degradation ntawm tsw. Cov kua txob saj yog ib qho ntawm nicotine nws tus kheej, yog tias flavors degraded, ces tsuas saj ntawm nicotine persists.

JD: Peb paub tias e- kua tuaj yeem hloov xim nrog cov khoom noj sib txawv, pom lub teeb thiab lwm yam - qee zaum yuav tsaus, thiab qee zaum daj.

Dab tsi ua rau qhov no, thiab puas muaj qhov xav tau rau vapers txhawj xeeb thaum qhov no tshwm sim?

JLH: Qhov no yog vim lub teeb thiab huab cua oxidation, nws tuaj yeem hloov qhov saj, tab sis yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov cov teebmeem. Qee qhov tsw, tshwj xeeb yog haus luam yeeb tsw, lossis chocolate lossis kas fes, tuaj yeem tig mus tsaus ntuj nrog lub sijhawm, tej zaum yog vim li cas tib yam. Qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev txhawj xeeb, tab sis kuv xav kom lawv txias thiab deb ntawm lub teeb.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Vaping thiab Kev Siv Nicotine

JD: Dab tsi, yog tias muaj, cov txiaj ntsig nicotine muaj?

JLH: Nicotine yog ib qho stimulant, zoo li caffeine, nws pab ceev ceev. Tab sis nicotine kuj tseem muaj lwm yam khoom uas peb paub ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Lawv yog cov nicotine receptors nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv lub cev, suav nrog lub plab zom mov, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, thiab lawv cuam tshuam nrog ntau lub tshuab neurotransmitters (chemistry ntawm lub hlwb).

Nws tau pom tias nicotine tuaj yeem pab tau ntau yam mob (xws li kev nyuaj siab, kab mob Parkinson, Schizophrenia…), tab sis nws tsis tau kawm ntau, muaj qhov xav tau kom muaj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog nicotine tsis tuaj yeem patented, nws yog ib yam khoom ntuj tsim, yog li ib tus yuav tsum tau siv cov molecule hloov, kaw kom txaus rau nicotine, kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig xav tau, thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam kom pom nws cov txiaj ntsig. Kev lag luam kws tshuaj tsis tau muaj zog heev hauv qhov chaw no txawm tias qee qhov kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb.

Hom Nicotine

JD: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm qib tshuaj, tsis yog - qib tshuaj nicotine thiab tshuaj tua kab nicotine, thiab nws tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau kev siv tshuaj qib nicotine?

JLH: Nicotine, txawm li cas los xij, yog ib txwm muab rho tawm los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, vim tias nws yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws uas tau txais nws. Vim tias nicotine yog ib qho alkaloid (xws li caffeine, cocaine, curare, thiab lwm yam), thiab muaj ntau lwm yam alkaloids hauv luam yeeb, nws nyuaj kom tau 100% nicotine ntshiab. Muaj ib txwm muaj me me ntawm impurities, txawm tias nyob rau hauv qib tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws nicotine. Yog li, tam sim no qhov no yog cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem siv tau, thiab nws yuav tsum siv rau e-kua kua kom tau txais cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws raws li qhov ua tau.

JD: Puas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm nicotine muab los ntawm cov nroj tsuag luam yeeb thiab cov muab los ntawm lwm qhov chaw?

JLH: Tsis yog, nicotine yog nicotine, nyob qhov twg los ntawm, tab sis haus luam yeeb yog cov nroj tsuag uas tsim nws nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau.

Eliquid Flavourings

JF: Raws li flavoring hloov ph theem ntawm nicotine, dab tsi yog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas qib nicotine hauv e- kua nrog flavourings?

JLH: Flavorings yog siv me me hauv e- kua, qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov pH, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, tab sis lwm tus kws tshaj lij yuav muaj kev xav txawv ntawm qhov no, Kuv tsis yog kws tshuaj.

Nicotine Metabolites:

JD: Dab tsi metabolites ntawm nicotine rov tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev, tom qab nws tau metabolised?

JLH: Muaj cov metabolites sib txawv, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ntawm qhov ntau, yog cotinine uas yuav luag tsis muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj, yam tsawg kawg ntawm kev quav tshuaj. Nicotine hloov mus ua cotinine li ntawm 70-80%, tus so ntawm cov metabolites sawv cev rau me me.

Vaping Politics thiab EU E-cig Ban

JD: Nrog e- luam yeeb, peb tsis tuaj yeem khiav tawm ntawm kev nom kev tswv!

Txawm hais tias ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tshaj tawm e- luam yeeb yog xaj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li kev haus luam yeeb, feem ntau lub tebchaws, suav nrog UK thiab EU, tab tom sim txwv lawv (saibLub EUEcigBan). Koj xav li cas tom qab cov kev txwv no?.

JLH: Qhov kuv ntshai tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis muaj kev paub thiab kev xav tsis zoo txog nicotine los ntawm cov nom tswv, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm qee cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg tawm tswv yim tswj kev haus luam yeeb. Rau kuv qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no. Muaj kev xav tau zoo rau kev kawm txog nicotine.

Pom tseeb, kuj muaj cov chaw tos txais uas nquag nthuav tawm e- luam yeeb vim lawv cov txheej txheem.